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(NOMOBU 'LE 'ROY W. STEVE-NS.

- BARROW. '110. 375,511. 4 Patented Deo. 27, 1887.

UNITED lSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

LE Eor w. STEVENS, lor AUBURN, NEw YoEK.

HARRow.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 375.511I dated December 2'7l 1887.

Application filed Iuly 19, 1887.

To @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LE ROY W. STEVENS, of the city of Auburn, New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Harrows, of which the following is a full and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

My inventionis an improvementin harrows; and it 'consists of certain peculiarities of construction, whereby the frame is given great rigidity to resist vertical strains without increasing the weight of the same. It also provides a wearing-surface on the under side of the' bars forming the frame, and affords protection for the connecting devices employed to attach the teeth or teeth-holding clips to the frame, whereby a light and durable frame is produced. IIt further provides a construction of teeth-holding clips and drawing-ears for use-with the peculiar construction of frame.

Inthe drawings, Figure 1 is a top or plan view of my improved harrow. Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 are-sections of different forms of bars employed by me,with a wearingsurface on the under side of the same. Figs. 11, 12, 13 show different forms of cross-bars. Fig. 14 is a top view, and Fig. l5 is a perspective, of my tooth-holding clip. Fig. 16 is an elevation of a malleable cast cross-bar with clips integral therewith. Figs. 17 and 18 are perspectives of modiiied forms of clips; and Fig. 19 is a view of one of the drawing-ears.

Various forms of bars have been employed in harrows to secure some of the results effected by my construction, among which are angleiron and U -shaped bars; but in each instance no protection was afforded the heads of the attaching-bolts or other attaching means, except by locating the angle-iron so that a sharp straight edge was presented to `the ground.

. In my construction I provide the bars with a `and constitutes a runner or wearing-surface projecting far enough to protect the heads of the attaching-bolts or other attaching means, whether placed on either side of the rib or ribs or in a depression in the rib. I prefer to place them in' rear of the rib. It has also been proposed to use two flat strips corrugated lon- Serial No. 244,777. (No model.)

gitudinally, but placed in a vertical position, and bolted together to form a bar of a harrowframe, so that the ribs served to prevent lateral vibration or deection; but the ribs in such case did not serve as runners or wearingsurfaces, and did not afford protection for that portion of the teeth-attaching means which eX- tends below the bars.

The barrow-frame shown in Fig. 1 consists of two frames composed of single draft-bars A A and intersecting cross-bars B B. The teeth C O are attached to said bars'at the points of intersection.

Figs. 2 to 7 show forms of bars in which the rib or wearing-surface is produced by corrugating the bar, forming one or more grooves, a, longitudinallyl of the bar. It will be observed that in Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, and 10 the front edge of the bar is given an upward turn to enable it to ride more easily over the ground or other materials with which it comes in contact, as well as securing additional rigidity to the bar. In Figs. 6, 7, and 10 the rear edge of the bar is also provided with the upturned edge.

, 1n Figs. 11, 12, 13, and 16 I have shown' cross-,bars with elevated or arched portions forming clearance-spaces between the draftbars. Where the draft-bars have a longitudinal channel upon .their upper surfaces, the cross-bars-attheir points of intersection with them may be provided with al rib or lug to t the same in order to secure the close contact of the bars.

While the cross-bars may be made of cast metal, it is not the preferred form. Such a bar is shown in Fig. 16, and has the holdingclips and the eyelets for the hingeconnection with the other part of the frame cast integrally therewith. It is not necessary that the crossbars should be ribbed in the same manner as the draft-bars, but it is the preferred construction, as greater rigidity will be secured with the saine weight of metal.

The clip for holding the teeth of the harrow is of the general form shown in Figs. 14 and 16. It has two vertically-disposed flanges or Walls, e-e, joined together by the intervening base-connection, d. The side wallsor flanges are preferably grooved, as shown in Fig. 15, or provided with projections, as shown in Fi ICO 17, to receive the edges of the tooth. These flanges or side walls are so constructed as to provide spread-apart or widened portions, and are joined together at these points by an adjustable connection. By this feature of construction the flanges or side walls are made to yield slightly before being brought into contact with the edges of the tooth, and the niaterial of the clip being elastic rather than compressible, there is a constant pressure against the nut which serves to hold it firmly in place and prevent its becoming loose.

The forni of clip shown in Figs. 14, 15, and 17 is attached to the frame by a suitable connection passing through the base-connection d and the draft and cross bars. These connections serve to connect the draft and cross 4bars as well as to secure the clip in place. These connecting devices pass th rough the draft-bars on one or both sides of the rib, preferably in the rear of the saine, or through a depressed portion ci' the bar, and are thereby protected from wear. In ease the draft or cross bars on which the clips are seated are provided with one or incre grooves, a, the base-plate of the clip is preferably provided with one or more projecting ribs or lugs, a', fitting such grooves. These forms of clips are also preferably provided with the front wall, f, extending upward from the base-plate to the tooth to prevent the lodgnient of sinall stones and dirt in the clip beneath the tooth.

In Fig. 1S I have shown a clip made in two parts, c ci, each provided with a construction,

=l as before described, to engage the edges of the tooth. The forward end ofthe part ezis provided with the inwardly-extending flange i, the inner edge of which has two projections, i2 i2. These are notched to engage the edges of a cross-bar and are far enough apart to engage opposite edges of a draft-bar. The part c has a corresponding outwardly-extending flange, 7:, which is provided with two proj eetions corresponding to the projections if and il, to engage the opposite side of a cross-bar and also engage the sides of the intersecting draftbar. The parts are placed in position, the tooth inserted,and' the nut of a connecting-bolt passing through both parts turned up and the tooth and clip secured in place. This forni of clip also has the construction to prevent the loosening of the nut on the bolt, and the latter is in this instance, for obvious reasons, placed below the tooth. This forin of clip may be provided with the projections, ribs, or lugs a, fitting the grooves of the draft or cross bars.

The drawing-ears, one of which is shown in Fig. 19, are attached in the usual manner, except that when the upper surfaces of the draftbars are grooved or channeled these ears may be provided with lugs b, to lit said channels.

ln the forni of harrow here shown the draftbars are straight and are provided with wearing-surfaces, while the cross-bars are archedI and carried out of contact with the ground. inclination of the draft-bars to the line of the draft tends to discharge loose material at the sides of the harrow, and the cross-bars being arched, do not prevent this, as in most constructions, and a very satisfactory clearance of the harrow is secured. This is best effected by the form shown in Fig. 12, where the elevation of the crossbar is greatest near the rear d raft-bar. The cross-bars not comin g in contact with the ground do not require wearing-surfaces, butnthe corrugation of' the same is desirable to give an increased rigidity.

I do not desire to be limited in my exact constructions,as these may be somewhat varied without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Vhat l. claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A barrow-frame consisting of draft-bars having substantially horizontal faces on the under side, and intersecting cross-bars, the under faces of said draft-bars being provided with a longitudinal rib or ribs between their edges forming a wearing or runner surface, substantially as described.

2. A barrow-frame consisting of draft-bars provided on their under sides with ribs forni ing wearing-surfaces, and intersecting crossbars arched between the draft-bars, substantially as described.

3. A barrow-tooth clip having a rigid single base portion for attachment to the barrow frame, and yielding vertically-disposed flanges or side walls extending from said base portion, and an adjustable connection connecting said flanges or side walls, substantially as described.

4. A harrow-tooth clip having a rigid base portion with side walls or flanges rigidly connected therewith, the said base portion rigidly connecting said flanges or side walls, one of said side walls being constructed to yield laterally, and an adjustable binder connecting said walls, substantially as described.

5. A barrow-tooth clip having verticallydisposed flanges or walls 'for grasping the sides of the tooth, said flanges or walls on their inner sides diverging out of a direct line, and an adjustable connection extending from one flange or wall to the other, substantially as described.

6. A harrow tooth clip having vertical flanges grasping the sides of the tooth, said sides being farther apart at their centers than at their ends, and a central attaching-bolt, substantially as described.

7. A barrow-tooth clip provided with vertically-disposed walls or flanges having a con struction to engage the edges of a tooth anda construction to engage the edges of a crossbar ofthe barrow-frame, and a bolt connecting said walls or flanges and drawing them both upon the edges of the tooth and cross-bar, substantially as described.

8. Aharrow-tooth clip consisting of two vertically-disposed walls or flanges provided with a construction to engage the edges of a har- TOO Yrow-tooth, and lugs-to` engage the edges of a vided with lugs or ribs to engage the grooves or channels of the draft-bars, substantially as described.

1l. In a spring-tooth barrow, theV combination, with intersecting draft and cross bars rigidly joined at the point of intersection, of spring-teeth connected to said harrow at a zo point adjacent to the intersection of said bars, said bars forming guards or arms which extend outward and upward from a point adjacent to the point of intersection of said bars, one or more of said arms or guards being 25 corrugated or ribbed, substantially as described.

12. The combination, with a barrow-frame having channeled draft-bars, of drawing-ears provided with ribs or lugs to engage the chan- 3o nels of the draftbars, substantially as de-y scribed.

' LE ROY W. STEVENS.

Witnesses:

FREDERICK I. ALLEN, R. L. DRUMMOND. 

